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HTPBE?

Structural PDF tamper detection API. Catches edits your KYC stack misses.

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© 2024–2026 TMI Iurii Rogulia · VAT ID: FI29845875 · Made in Finland 🇫🇮

Status

Algorithm v2.42.1

Tool profile

Headless Chrome

Headless Chrome reads as a institutional generator — its modification rate sits at or below the corpus baseline, consistent with single-pass institutional output.

Back to all statistics
Forensic verdict

Legitimate origin

Based on this tool’s share of the HTPBE? corpus.

Modification rate
33%-15pp below baseline
Corpus baseline: 48%
Corpus share
0.22%
Share of all analyzed appearances
Modification rate
33%
-15pp below baseline
Role split
100%C/0%P
Creator vs Producer share of appearances

Corpus profile

How Headless Chrome shows up in HTPBE? corpus

Headless Chrome is widely used by SaaS products to render HTML invoices, statements, and reports server-side via Puppeteer or Playwright. It produces single-pass PDFs.

Headless Chrome appears as the Producer on a large share of modern SaaS-generated institutional documents. Low signal in tampered corpus when it sits alone — the document was rendered server-side in one pass.

The signal
Headless Chrome appears as the Producer on a large share of modern SaaS-generated institutional documents.

Role in the workflow

How Headless Chrome shows up in metadata

Every PDF carries a Creator (the application that produced the original document) and a Producer (the engine that wrote the PDF). The same tool can appear in either slot, with very different modification profiles.

CAs Creator · 100%
As Producer · 0%P
CAs Creator
  • Share of appearances
    100%
  • Modification rate
    33%
  • Avg file size
    333 KB
PAs Producer
  • Share of appearances
    0%
  • Modification rate
    0%

How to read this

The Creator slot typically reflects where a document started life. The Producer slot reflects whatever wrote the bytes — and is the field that gets overwritten when a PDF is opened, edited, and saved by a downstream tool.

A higher modification rate as Producer than as Creator usually means the tool is acting as a re-saver on documents that originated elsewhere. A higher rate as Creator points to fragile workflows around the original authoring app.

Name fingerprints

Also goes by

Different version strings and spellings observed for Headless Chrome in the wild. All are merged into the same canonical profile.

Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/146.0.0.0 Safari/537.3633.3%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.3615.7%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.367.8%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/148.0.0.0 Safari/537.365.9%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.365.9%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.365.9%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.363.9%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/135.0.0.0 Safari/537.363.9%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/132.0.0.0 Safari/537.363.9%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.362.0%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/149.0.0.0 Safari/537.362.0%
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/135.0.0.0 Safari/537.362.0%
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/147.0.0.0 Safari/537.362.0%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.362.0%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux aarch64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/149.0.0.0 Safari/537.362.0%
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/147.0.0.0 Safari/537.362.0%

Why variants matter

The same tool publishes itself under 16 different metadata strings — version bumps, locale tags, build IDs. We canonicalize them so the corpus reflects one identity, not noise.

Most common
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/146.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
33.3% of appearances
Variant spread
16 distinct strings
Long-tail share: 66.7%
Observed range
05.10.2024 → 26.07.2026

Distributions

What ships alongside Headless Chrome

The PDF versions Headless Chrome writes when acting as Producer, and the other tools that appear in the same documents.

Common Producers when Headless Chrome is the Creator

Skia/PDF writes 88% of these files — that pairing is the Adobe-stack default for many institutional pipelines.

Skia/PDF88.2%
GPL Ghostscript2.0%
pdf-lib2.0%
iOS Print to PDF2.0%

Related profiles

Tools you’ll see next to Headless Chrome

Other tools that frequently share metadata with Headless Chrome in the same documents. Each card links to its own forensic profile.

P2% co-occurrence
GPL Ghostscript
Corpus share0.18%
Mod rate39%
P2% co-occurrence
pdf-lib
Corpus share0.42%
Mod rate89%
P2% co-occurrence
iOS Print to PDF
Corpus share1.7%
Mod rate66%

Long tail

Notable observations

Smaller cuts of the Headless Chrome corpus — useful context, but treat each row as a single data point rather than a strong signal.

Digitally signed
2%

Of files carry at least one digital signature

Avg pages per document
2.6
Oldest observed
05.10.2024 — almost 2 years ago

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